Research credit
In accounting, research credit means a federal general business credit for qualified research expenses — computed on Form 6765 by the regular method or the alternative simplified credit, used against income tax, carried back one year and forward twenty when unused, or, for a qualified small business, elected against payroll tax.
Also called Credit for increasing research activities, R&D tax credit.
Authority: IRC §41 (opens in a new tab). Sources
A real example, booked
Northwind elects $15,102 of its 2027 research credit — earned building StockMatch, a hypothetical — as a payroll tax credit. Its quarterly payroll of $110,000 carries $6,820 of employer Social Security and $1,595 of employer Medicare. Q2 2028 absorbs $8,415; the remaining $6,687 is used in Q3 2028. The entries are summarized per quarter.
Transaction · June 30, 2028
JE-1 30 Jun 2028 Manual posted
Accrue Q2 2028 employer Social Security and Medicare.
Read-onlyBalanced
- Credit elected
- $15,102
- Used in Q2 2028
- $8,415
- Used in Q3 2028
- $6,687
The lessons that teach this
From the free founder back-office course, taught on one company's books, with exercises to work it yourself.
- R&D creditWhat the R&D tax credit is, and who can use itA federal credit for qualified research, usually wages: what it is, the three places it can go, and why a tool reseller doesn't get one.8 min
- R&D creditQualified research expenses: wages, supplies and contractorsWages for qualified services, supplies, rented computers and 65% of contract research, worked line by line for one hypothetical year.12 min
For founders
The same idea written for a founder: what it costs a startup that ignores it, and what to do in a real month.
- The R&D tax credit and Section 174A for startupsEngineering salaries can earn a federal R&D credit against payroll tax, and Section 174A lets you deduct US research again. What qualifies, what to track.
- Form 941 and payroll tax deposits for startupsWhat Form 941 reports, monthly vs semiweekly deposits, the $100,000 next-day rule, FUTA, the R&D payroll credit, and what your provider can’t do.
- Chart of accounts for startups: a starting templateA starting chart of accounts for a US startup: number ranges, the expense accounts you need, and when to add an account versus a class or tracking tag.
What it is not called
Each of these means something else. Use one here and an accountant reading the product notices.
- R&D deduction (that is §174A)
- grant
Components that render the terms it depends on
No component names this concept outright, but it's built from terms that components do name. These render credit.
Also in Research credit
Work with this concept
The calculators that compute it and the ledger payloads that carry it.
Defined in Lexicon. This page is generated from that document, so the two can't disagree.